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2.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 19(4): 323-329, sept. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-504164

ABSTRACT

El Helicobacter pylori es una bacteria que ha revolucionado la Gastroenterología en los últimos 25 años. Hasta mediados de los 80 la úlcera péptica era considerada una enfermedad sicosomática asociada a una hiperacidez gástrica en el caso de la úlcera duodenal (UD), o a una alteración de la barrera mucosa en el caso de la úlcera gástrica. Al descubrirse su relación con esta bacteria la enfermedad ulcero-péptica pasó a ser una enfermedad infecciosa con un muy alto índice de curación, y una muy baja tasa de recurrencia, lo que era la regla hasta ese entonces. No en vano este notable descubrimiento les valió a dos científicos australianos obtener el Premio Nóbel de Medicina en 2005. Revisaremos aspectos generales de este germen, su asociación con diversas patologías gastro-duodenales, los métodos de estudio clínico y su tratamiento de erradicación.


The Gastroenteroly has been dramatically impacted in last 25 years by a bacterium named helicobacter pylori. Until the eighties, peptic ulcer was considered as a psychosomatic disease related to high gastric acidity in duodenal ulcer (DU) or an impaired gastric mucosa in gastric ulcer. The helicobacter pylori-peptic ulcer relationship has changed the way we consider this disease, now it is an infectious disease with very high rate of clinical resolution and no more recurrences one of its more characteristic features. This outstanding medical discovery has deserved in 2005 the Nobel Prize to the Australian scientific investigators who made possible this medical breakthrough. This is a review on this bacterium, the diseases associated to it, the diagnostic clinical tests and its treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , Helicobacter Infections/pathology , Helicobacter Infections/therapy , Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification , Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology , Stomach Ulcer/microbiology
3.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 19(3): 203-207, jul.-sept. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-511209

ABSTRACT

Eosinophilic esophagitis is and uncommon disorder with an increasing incidence. We report four cases with ages ranging from 25 to 70 years. Disphagia of different intensity was present in all of them, the diagnosis was suggested by the endoscopic aspect and confirmed by histophatological finding of and increased eosinophilic infiltrate. A good response to treatment was observed in all the patients. This diagnosis should be considered in patients presenting with dysphagia or food impactation, mainly when stricture or narrowing are absent.


La esofagitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad poco frecuente con una incidencia en aumento. Se presentan 4 casos con un rango de edad entre 25 a 70 años. Todos presentaron disfagia de diferente intensidad, el diagnóstico se sospechó por el aspecto endoscópico y fue confirmado por el hallazgo histopatológico de un denso infiltrado eosinófilo. Una buena respuesta al tratamiento se observó en todos ellos. Este diagnóstico debe considerarse en presencia de disfagia o impactación de un bolo alimentario en ausencia de estrechez del lumen esofágico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use , Eosinophilia/diagnosis , Eosinophilia/drug therapy , Esophagitis/diagnosis , Esophagitis/drug therapy , Androstadienes/therapeutic use , Esophagoscopy , Omeprazole/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome
4.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 17(1): 13-22, ene.-mar. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-430763

ABSTRACT

El tromboembolismo (TE) arterial y venoso, posee una elevada morbimortalidad, siendo en pacientes con enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales (EII) 3-4 veces mayor que la población general, con una prevalencia de un 2-10 por ciento. El mecanismo por el cual la actividad procoagulante está aumentada en las EII es aún desconocido, sin embargo, factores de riesgo como el grado de inflamación de la mucosa han sido descritos. Objetivos: Determinar las características clínicas de TE en un grupo de pacientes con EII. Pacientes y Métodos: Se analizaron de manera retrospectiva los antecedentes clínicos de 16 pacientes con EII que presentaron TE durante su evolución. Se evaluó edad, extensión y grado de actividad de la EII al momento del TE. Resultados: Los pacientes estudiados fueron 13 con colitis ulcerosa (CU) y tres con enfermedad de Crohn (EC), edad promedio 43 años (rango 21-72), ocho mujeres. Once pacientes tenían < 50 años al momento del TE. En CU, nueve pacientes tenían pancolitis, todos con enfermedad activa moderada-severa. En EC, dos pacientes presentaban actividad de la enfermedad al momento del TE. Tres pacientes tenían otra manifestación extraintestinal (MEI), dos de ellos artralgias y uno colangitis esclerosante primaria. Los eventos de TE son: trombosis venosa profunda de extremidades inferiores en 9 casos; TE pulmonar en 3 pacientes, trombosis mesentérica/portal (dos casos), trombosis del seno venoso longitudinal (un paciente), trombosis arteria cerebral (uno) y trombosis de arteria braquial un caso). Quince casos de TE ocurrieron entre una semana y 6 años luego del diagnóstico de EII. Cinco pacientes estaban hospitalizados al momento del TE, dos de ellos después de cirugía por su EII. Ningún paciente estaba recibiendo nutrición parenteral total o tenía catéter venoso central al momento del TE. El estudio de trombofilia realizado en cinco pacientes, no demostró alteraciones características. Todos los pacientes fueron tratados con heparina sin complicaciones, y un paciente falleció por embolia pulmonar. Ningún paciente tenía antecedentes personales o familiares de TE. Conclusiones: El tromboembolismo es otra MEI de las EII que debe ser sospechado. La remisión de la EII pudiera ser el factor más importante en la prevención de estos episodios. El uso de heparina como tratamiento del TE no está contraindicado en estos pacientes, incluso en aquellos con crisis severa con sangramiento intestinal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications , Thromboembolism/etiology , Cerebrum , Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Crohn Disease/complications , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Heparin/therapeutic use , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Thromboembolism/drug therapy , Venous Thrombosis/etiology
5.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 17(1): 66-72, ene.-mar. 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-430770

ABSTRACT

La asociación de infección por Citomegalovirus (CMV) y colitis ulcerosa (CU) está bien documentada. Sin embargo, en pacientes inmunocompetentes está asociación parece ser infrecuente. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente con diagnóstico reciente de CU sin tratamiento inmunosupresor previo, quien evolucionó con una crisis de CU refractaria a tratamiento convencional. Las biopsias de duodeno y colon mostraron la presencia de inflamación aguda y crónica, y cuerpos de inclusión intranuclear compatibles por inmunohistología con infección por CMV. Concluimos que el paciente presentaba infección por CMV durante esta primera crisis de CU. Se inició tratamiento con ganciclovir, con lo que evolucionó favorablemente. Parece importante considerar la infección por CMV en pacientes con CU refractaria a tratamiento convencional incluso cuando no han recibido tratamiento inmunosupresor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Colitis, Ulcerative/virology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Colon/pathology , Duodenum/pathology , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/virology , Ganciclovir/therapeutic use , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(7): 776-780, jul. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-429136

ABSTRACT

Background:Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic disorder characterized by progressive inflammation and fibrosis of the biliary tract, evolving to cirrhosis. It is commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aim: To communicate the clinical characteristics of patient with PSC seen in two reference centers. Patients and methods: Review of medical records of patients with PSC confirmed by liver biopsies. The clinical picture, laboratory abnormalities, imaging studies and treatment were recorded. Results: Thirty three patients (aged 16 to 73 years, 64% female) were identified. They corresponded to 1.7% of liver biopsies done between 1991-2003. Clinical presentation was a cholestatic picture in 40%, right upper abdominal pain in 36%, a dysenteric syndrome in 9% and varied symptoms in 15%. Laboratory tests showed cholestasis in 94% and positive anti ANCA, SMA, ANA and AMA antibodies in 28, 18, 15 and 9% of cases, respectively. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance cholangiography were diagnostic in 43 and 58% of patients, respectively. There was an association with ulcerative colitis in 12% of cases. Liver biopsies showed grade I PSC in 76% and grade II-III in 6% of patients. It also showed a concomitant chronic hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis in 12 and 6% of cases, respectively. Treatment consisted on ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in 45%, UDCA plus 5-aminosalicylic acid derivatives in 12% and UDCA plus immunosuppresors in 12% of patients. Two patients had to be transplanted. Conclusions: PSC is an uncommon cause of chronic liver disease. It is suspected in cholestatic patients and confirmed with a liver biopsy. It can be associated with other autoimmune hepatic and extrahepatic diseases.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/pathology , Biopsy , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/immunology , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/therapy , Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/pathology , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/pathology , Retrospective Studies
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 118(12): 1344-9, dic. 1990. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-96883

ABSTRACT

Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic, progressive and often fatal cholestatic liver disease. We report clincial characteristics and follow up in 33 consecutive patients studied at a single university hospital during the last 10 yearas. 31 were female (94%) and the mean age was 51 ñ 2 years. At diagnosis, itching was present in 26 cases (78%). Association with autoimmune mediated diseases was frequent. Liver function tests showed marked cholestasis (alkaline phosphate levels of 439 ñ 58 IU/I, range 90-1335). High antimitochondrial antibody titers and elevation of IgM levels were shown in all cases. According to liver biopsy findings, the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis was an early one during the prospective phase of the study and was made in 8 ñ 1.4% of liver biopsies performed during this period. After a follow up of 27 ñ 5 months, 10 patients have died (30%). Our experience suggests that primary biliary cirrhosis is not an uncommon cause of chronic liver diseases in Chile


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/diagnosis , Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/diagnosis
19.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 118(11): 1258-61, nov. 1990.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-96832

ABSTRACT

Spontaneous intramural hematoma of the esophagus (SIHE) is a rara condition usually affecting middle-aged or elderly women. It presents as acute sbusternal or epigastric pain, typically accompanied by dysphagia or hematemesis. SIHE is not usually associated with vomiting, and is therefore clearly distinguishable from hematogenic esophageal disorders, such as the Mallory Weiss lesion and the Boerhaave syndrome. The pathogenesis is in dispute. We present a case of SHIE without a discernible muscosal breach, suggesting a primary intramural bleed as the intiating event. Its diagnosis relies on the history and a barium swallow. Instrumentation can result in further damage to the esophagus. Treatment is conservative and results in resolution of the hematoma and return to normal swallowing. A favorable prognosis is the rule


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Female , Hematoma/diagnosis , Mucous Membrane , Esophagus
20.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 118(8): 874-80, ago. 1990. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-96556

ABSTRACT

We randomized 31 cirrhotic patients with tense ascites to a Group A receiving only diuretic therapy (spironolactone, furosemide, n = 14) or a Group B treated with paracentesis and intravenous albumin infusion (n = 17). Ascites was elminated in 88% of patients in Group B compared to 57% of patients in Group A (p < 0.05). Complications developed in 4 patients in Group A and 2 patients in Group B. Paracentesis was associated to a mild and transient reduction in mean arterial pressure and a significant rise in urinary output. Duration of hospital stay was 5 ñ 3 days in Group B and 22 ñ 6 Group A (p < 0.001). Survival and likelihood of rreadmission for ascites was similar in both groups. Our results suggest that paracentesis plus intravenous albumin infusion is a fast, safe and effective therapy for tense ascites in cirrhotic patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Ascites/therapy , Drainage , Albumins , Albumins/therapeutic use , Liver Cirrhosis/therapy , Ascitic Fluid/therapy , Time Factors , Infusions, Intravenous , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Prospective Studies , Albumins/administration & dosage , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Liver Cirrhosis/therapy
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